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Article

Economic and Environmental Analysis of Battery Electric, Hydrogen Fuel Cell Heavy-Duty Trucks

전기 · 수소 대형 화물차의 경제성 및 환경성 분석

So Yun KIM1
,
Young-Hwan AHN2*
김 소윤1
,
안 영환2*
1Master’s Degree, Department of Climate · Environment and Energy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
2Associate Professor, Department of Climate · Environment and Energy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
1숙명여자대학교 기후환경에너지학과 석사
2숙명여자대학교 기후환경에너지학과 부교수
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2024. pp. 443-455
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Abstract

In order to achieve carbon neutrality in road transport, the transition demand to zero-emission vehicles is significant, as it accounts for about 97% of greenhouse gas emissions in domestic transportation. In particular, heavy-duty trucks contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, because of their higher annual mileage and usage of diesel engine. However, freight trucks are operated for the purpose of profit. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct research on the economic feasibility of heavy-duty trucks transitioning from internal combustion engines. This study analayzed total cost of ownership for zero-emission trucks, projecting total cost of ownership parity with internal combustion engine trucks by 2040. In addition, the greenhouse gas reduction effect, which is the ultimate goal of conversion to zero-emission trucks, was compared through well-to-wheel analysis. The result shows that fuel prices are pivotal in reaching total cost of ownership parity for zero-emission trucks. For the successful conversion of heavy-duty trucks to zero-emission, it is imperative to form competitive fuel prices with internal combustion engine vehicles. Policy implementations that facilitate the complementary distribution of hydrogen fuel cell trucks and battery electric trucks should also be a prerequisite. Furthermore, the decarbonization of fuel production concurrently with the transition to zero-emission vehicles is essential since the greenhouse gas reduction effect of zero-emission trucks varies depending on the increase of renewable energy generation and the development of clean hydrogen production technology.

Keywords
battery electric truck
greenhouse gas reduction effect
hydrogen fuel cell truck
total cost of ownership
zero-emission truck

국내 수송부문 온실가스 배출량 중 도로 부문의 비중은 약 97%로 탄소중립 달성을 위한 친환경차 전환이 추진되고 있다. 특히 대형 화물차는 연간 주행거리가 길고 대부분 경유차로 구성된 특성상 배출 비중이 높아 친환경차 전환이 필요하다. 그러나 화물차는 자가용 승용차와 다르게 이윤 창출을 목적으로 운행되는 차량임에 따라 전환 시 경제성 확보가 중요하다. 본 연구는 친환경 대형 화물차의 총소유비용을 분석하고, 경유 화물차와 친환경 화물차의 총소유비용이 등가가 되는 ‘총소유비용 패리티’ 도달 시점을 2040년까지 전망하였다. 또한, 연료주기 분석을 통해 친환경차 전환의 궁극적 목표인 온실가스 감축 효과를 비교하였다. 총소유비용 분석 결과 연료비용이 친환경 화물차의 총소유비용 패리티 도달 시점에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 친환경 화물차 전환을 위해서는 내연기관 대비 경쟁력 있는 연료 가격 형성이 중요하며, 수소트럭과 전기트럭을 상호보완적으로 보급하는 정책이 필요하다. 그리고 온실가스 감축효과는 국내 발전원 비중 및 수소 생산방식에 따라 저감량이 상이하므로, 친환경 화물차 전환과 더불어 연료 생산단계의 이산화탄소 배출을 줄이기 위한 노력이 병행되어야 한다.

키워드
친환경 화물차
온실가스 감축효과
수소트럭
총소유비용
전기트럭
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :4
  • Pages :443-455
  • Received Date : 2024-05-17
  • Revised Date : 2024-06-07
  • Accepted Date : 2024-07-17
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2024.42.4.443
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