Preferences and Willingness to Pay for the Smart Parking System Attributes in Public Parking Lots: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Gyeonggi

Jeong-Min Kim; Hoyoung Lee; Shin-Hyung Cho; Jooyoung Kim

doi:10.7470/jkst.2026.44.3.376

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2026 Vol.44, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Article

Preferences and Willingness to Pay for the Smart Parking System Attributes in Public Parking Lots: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Gyeonggi 공영주차장 스마트주차시스템 속성별 선호와 지불의사액 추정: 경기도 이용자 이산선택실험

30 June 2026. pp. 376-392

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Abstract

Rapid urbanization has intensified traffic congestion, increased parking demand, and raised land costs, making the efficient operation of public parking facilities a critical urban policy challenge. Smart Parking Systems (SPS) have been promoted as an effective solution; however, their adoption in Korea remains limited. Moreover, conventional economic feasibility analyses of public parking projects tend to focus primarily on external traffic-related benefits, while overlooking improvements in user convenience within parking facilities. This study addresses this gap by examining user preferences and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for key SPS attributes among public parking users in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The primary objective is to provide empirical evidence supporting the inclusion of service quality improvements in the benefit structure of public parking project evaluations. A Discrete Choice Experiment was conducted, and a Conditional Logit Model was employed to estimate attribute-specific utility parameters and corresponding WTP values. The results indicate that reductions in internal parking congestion, measured by parking search time, exert the strongest influence on user choice and WTP. In addition, shorter walking distances to final destinations and the provision of SPS services generate statistically significant positive utility. Among individual SPS components, Automatic Number Plate Recognition yields the highest WTP, followed by mobile parking information services and real-time parking availability information. An extended model further reveals that users traveling for commuting or transfer purposes exhibit higher preferences for SPS attributes. These findings demonstrate that user convenience benefits derived from SPS implementation should be incorporated into the benefit–cost analysis of public parking projects, alongside external benefits such as traffic flow improvements. From a policy perspective, the results provide a basis for prioritizing and phasing the introduction of Smart Parking Systems in public parking facilities.

Keywords

conditional logit model

discrete choice experiment

public parking

smart parking system

willingness to pay (WTP)

최근 도시의 교통혼잡 심화, 주차 수요 증가, 토지비용 상승으로 인해 공영주차장의 효율적 운영 방안 모색이 중요한 정책 과제로 부상하고 있으며, 특히 디지털 기술의 발전과 함께 스마트주차시스템이 주차장 운영 효율성 및 이용 편의성을 제고하는 방안으로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 국내 공영주차장에는 스마트주차시스템 도입이 아직 제한적인 수준이며, 관련 투자사업의 경제성 분석 시 주차장 이용 편의성 개선 효과는 편익 항목으로 충분히 반영되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 경기도 공영주차장 이용자를 대상으로 스마트주차시스템의 주요 속성에 대한 선호와 지불의사액을 분석하고, 향후 공영주차장 투자사업의 경제성 분석에서 이를 편익으로 반영할 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 이산선택실험을 설계하고 온라인 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였으며, 조건부 로짓모형을 활용하여 속성별 효용계수와 지불의사액을 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 주차장 내부 혼잡수준 완화가 이용자의 선택 확률과 지불의사액에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며, 주차 후 최종목적지까지 보행시간 단축과 스마트주차시스템 제공 여부 또한 유의미한 수준의 선호 및 지불의사액이 확인되었다. 스마트주차시스템 속성별 지불의사액은 차량번호 자동인식, 모바일 주차정보, 주차공간 정보제공 순으로 높았으며, 개인특성을 반영한 확장모형에서는 업무 통근 및 환승 목적 이용자가 일부 스마트주차시스템 속성에 상대적으로 더 높은 가치를 부여하는 경향이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 차량 통행 개선과 같은 외부 효과뿐만 아니라 스마트주차시스템 제공 등 주차장 이용 편의성 개선 효과가 공영주차장 사업의 경제성 분석에서 편익으로 반영될 필요가 있음을 시사하며, 향후 스마트주차시스템 단계적 도입 시 투자 우선순위를 설정하는 정책적 근거로도 활용될 수 있다.

키워드

조건부 로짓모형

이산선택실험

공영주차장

스마트주차시스템

지불의사액

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Information

Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
Volume : 44
No :3
Pages :376-392
Received Date : 2025-12-29
Revised Date : 2026-01-26
Accepted Date : 2026-02-06
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2026.44.3.376

Journal of Korean Society of Transportation ISSN:1229-1366(Print) 2234-4217(Online) 대한교통학회지

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