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2022 Vol.40, Issue 3

Article

A Study on Changes in Air Transport Items and Growth Drivers in the Air Cargo Market

항공화물시장의 운송품목 변화와 성장 동인에 관한 연구

Jong Hae CHOI1*
최 종해1*
1Deputy Director, Future Business Division, Incheon International Airport Corporation, Incheon 22382, Korea
1인천국제공항공사 미래사업본부 차장
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2022. pp. 277-288
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Abstract

This study identifies the recent growth drivers of the air cargo market, focusing on changes in air transport items. This study considers factors influencing the air cargo market growth, including industrial production index, exchange rate, oil price, and relative air freight rates compared with sea freight rates. In addition, this study classified air transport items into the traditional cargo and the growth cargo. It also analyzed which type of cargo has a more significant effect on the increase in the proportion of air transport. Our empirical analysis first suggests that, unlike the traditional cargo, the growth cargo increase has a statistically significant effect on the rise in the proportion of air transportation. Second, even if air freight rates increase compared to sea freight rates, the proportion of air transport does not decrease. It suggests that items that can drive the air cargo market’s growth are likely to be products that rely heavily on the comparative advantage of air transport. The products presented as the growth cargo in this study are preferred by consumers based on e-commerce or cold chain technology. In addition, their value changes sensitively over time. The growth cargo can provide stable demand for air transport because the air transport can preserve the market value of the growth cargo the most efficiently. Therefore, due to the increasing share of the growth cargo, relative freight rates might not statistically affect the proportion of air transport. Accordingly, airlines need to adopt a strategy to meet the needs for speed and on-time by increasing the utilization of the belly space. Airport operators also need to design transportation processes for high time-sensitivity products. In particular, it is necessary to enhance transport competitiveness for the belly and time-sensitive cargo by providing logistics infrastructure in passenger apron areas.

Keywords
air cargo market
air transport items
growth driver
the growth cargo
the traditional cargo
time sensitivity

코로나19 여파로 급격히 침체한 항공여객시장과 달리 항공화물시장은 성장세를 지속하고 있다. 본 연구는 항공운송품목의 변화를 중심으로 최근 항공화물 시장의 성장 동인을 파악하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구 고찰을 통하여 산업생산지수, 환율, 유가와 항공과 해상을 비교한 상대운임을 항공운송시장의 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 고려하였다. 또한 항공운송품목을 전통화물과 성장화물로 구분하여, 어느 화물이 항공운송 비중 증가에 더 유의한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과로부터 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통화물과 달리 성장화물의 증가가 항공운송 비중 증가에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 해상운임 대비 항공운임이 증가하더라도 항공운송 비중은 감소하지 않는다. 이는 항공운송시장의 성장을 견인할 수 있는 품목은 항공운송의 비교우위에 의존도가 높은 제품이 될 가능성이 높다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 성장화물로 제시한 비누 ‧ 치약 ‧ 화장품, 곡실류, 농약 및 의약품, 어류, 축산가공품 품목의 경우 전자상거래나 콜드체인 기술을 바탕으로 개인소비자가 선호할뿐더러 시간의 흐름에 따라 가치가 민감하게 변동하는 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 항공으로 운송될 때 시장가치를 보존할 수 있는 성장화물이 항공물동량 증가에 유의한 영향을 미치면서 상대운임의 증가가 항공운송비중에 감소(-) 영향을 미치지 않는 현상이 발생하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 항공사는 여객기 벨리(Belly) 공간의 활용도를 높여 신속성 및 정시성에 대한 니즈를 충족시키는 전략을 채택할 필요가 있다. 공항운영자도 시간 민감성이 큰 제품의 운송 프로세스 설계에 적극적인 참여가 필요하다. 특히 여객계류장 지역에 물류 인프라를 제공함으로써 벨리 및 시간 민감성 화물에 대한 운송 경쟁력을 제고 할 필요가 있다.

키워드
항공화물시장
항공운송품목
성장동인
성장화물
전통화물
시간민감성
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 40
  • No :3
  • Pages :277-288
  • Received Date : 2022-01-06
  • Revised Date : 2022-03-02
  • Accepted Date : 2022-03-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2022.40.3.277
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