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Article

A Study on the Safety Effectiveness of Various Crash Improvement Projects at Black Spot Considering Regional Characteristics

지역특성을 고려한 교통사고 잦은 곳 개선사업 유형별 사고감소 효과분석

Giyoung MAENG1
,
Ho-Chul PARK2*
,
Eui Eun LEE3
,
Dong-youn LEE4
맹 기영1
,
박 호철2*
,
이 의은3
,
이 동윤4
1Ph.D. Student, Department of Transportation Engineering, MyongJi University, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
2Associate Professor, Department of Transportation Engineering, MyongJi University, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
3Professor, Department of Transportation Engineering, MyongJi University, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
4Research Engineer, Department of Road Transport, The Korea Transport Institute, Sejong 30147, Korea
1명지대학교 교통공학과 박사과정
2명지대학교 교통공학과 부교수
3명지대학교 교통공학과 교수
4한국교통연구원 도로교통연구본부 주임연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2024. pp. 649-663
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Abstract

Crash results from the complex interplay of environmental factors, human factors, and vehicle (technical) factors. Efforts to reduce crashes focus on eliminating or mitigating these causative factors, with one such program being the improvement projects at black spot. However, there are spots where treatments that do not consider regional characteristics lead to increase crashes. This study uses the empirical Bayesian method, an analytical methodology considering regression to the mean in the crash, to analyze the crash reduction effects of various treated types. The results of the analysis are presented by categorizing them according to regional characteristics, such as area type and land use. In addition to the number of crashes, unlike previous studies, this study presents crash risk metrics such as the crash rates per million entering vehicles and star rating scores, which account for road environment and attributes, thereby considering the potential risks of the road. A negative binomial regression model was used to construct safety performance functions, estimating the expected number of crashes by severity and type without treatment. The analysis results that in urban areas, the installation of forward signals is the most effective treated type, with a 27.0% reduction in crashes. However, when applied in rural areas, it was found to increase vehicle to pedestrian crashes, indicating an adverse reaction. When classified by land use, the improvement type with the best crash reduction effect in residential areas was the installation of intersection channelization, with a crash reduction effect of 38.2%, but a vehicle to pedestrian crashes increased. In the future, a study should be conducted to analyze the effectiveness of crash reduction according to the installation spots of traffic safety facilities, and it is expected that appropriate treatment types can be applied to the spots where crash reduction is required by crash severity and type.

Keywords
black spot
empirical bayes method
regional characteristics
star rating scores
traffic safety facilities

교통사고는 환경요인, 인적요인, 차량(기술)요인의 복합적인 관계에서 발생하기 때문에 사고발생 요인들을 제거 및 보완함으로써 교통사고를 줄이는데 노력하고 있으며, 그 중 교통사고 잦은 곳 개선사업이 있다. 개선사업을 시행할 때 과거 사고내역을 참고하여 교통안전 시설물 설치, 교통운영 개선 등과 같은 개선유형을 적용하지만 지역특성을 고려하지 않아 오히려 사고가 증가하는 지점이 나타나고 있다. 본 연구는 교통사고의 평균으로 회귀하는 성향을 고려한 분석 방법론인 경험적 베이즈 방법을 통해 개선유형별 사고감소 효과분석을 수행하였으며, 분석결과를 지역특성인 지역유형, 토지용도로 구분하여 제시하였다. 또한, 기존 연구와 달리 교통사고건수 뿐만 아니라 사고위험도인 백만 대당 교통사고율과 도로환경 또는 도로속성을 활용한 사고위험도인 Star Rating Scores를 제시하여 도로의 잠재적인 위험까지 고려하였다. 음이항 회귀모형을 통해 안전성능함수를 구축하여 개선을 하지 않을 때 발생할 것이라 기대되는 교통사고건수를 사고심각도와 사고유형별로 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 지역유형인 도시부에서 사고감소 효과가 좋은 개선유형은 전방신호 설치로 나타났으며, 27.0%의 사고감소 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 지방부에 설치할 경우 차대사람 사고가 증가하는 것으로 나타나 오히려 역효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 토지용도로 분류하였을 때 주거지역에서 사고감소 효과가 가장 좋은 개선유형은 교차로 도류화이며 전체 사고에 대하여 38.2%의 감소 효과가 있지만 차대사람 사고가 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 지속적으로 교통안전 시설물 설치 지점에 따른 사고감소 효과분석에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 하며, 이를 통해 사고감소가 필요한 지점에 적절한 개선유형이 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
교통사고 잦은 곳
경험적 베이즈 방법
지역특성
별점평가점수
교통안전 시설물
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :6
  • Pages :649-663
  • Received Date : 2024-07-29
  • Revised Date : 2024-08-20
  • Accepted Date : 2024-10-27
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2024.42.6.649
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