Measuring Willingness-to-Pay to Improve Smart Road Infrastructure in the Era of Autonomous Vehicles

Backjin Lee; Moon Namgung; Dohyeon Kim

doi:10.7470/jkst.2022.40.4.555

All Issue

2022 Vol.40, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Article

Measuring Willingness-to-Pay to Improve Smart Road Infrastructure in the Era of Autonomous Vehicles 자율주행시대 도로첨단화에 대한 지불의사액 추정 연구

31 August 2022. pp. 555-569

PDF XML

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are believed to bring many positive changes to the transportation field. Various researches have focused on the effect of introducing AVs, but a few are on smart road infrastructure which is a key factor to improve road safety and road network performance in response to AVs. Accordingly, the paper aims to measure customers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) to develop smart road infrastructure. In the paper, an internet-based survey was performed to investigate respondents’ WTP, perceptions for AV and others. Survival models with latent variables were developed to estimate WTP. Latent variables were adopted to reflect individuals’ perceptions, that are perceived concerns and benefits about AV. Some results are as follows: Firstly, about 44.8 percent of the respondents have a positive intention to pay for the development of smart road infrastructure in response to AVs. Among the types of roads, the need of expressway was the highest. Secondly, the frequency of using expressway, annual driving distance, household income, and location of residence area were statistically significant variables for individual’s WTP. In addition, latent variables of individuals’ concerns and convenience about AVs were significant. Lastly, the average WTP was estimated at about 80.38 (thousand won/year). The average WTP was different about 10 (thousand won/year) by socioeconomic characteristics.

Keywords

autonomous (automated) vehicles

cooperative automated driving

latent variables

smart road infrastructure

survival analysis

willingness to pay

최근 자율주행차의 등장은 도로교통 분야에 많은 긍정적 변화를 가져올 것으로 예측되고 관련 연구도 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 반면 자율주행차의 안전성을 담보하기 위한 핵심적인 기반시설인 도로의 첨단화에 관한 연구들은 많지 않은 실정이다. 이 연구는 자율주행차 상용화에 대응해 도로 첨단화를 위한 시민들의 지불의사액 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 일반시민들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 특히 향후 자율주행차 상용화 대비 도로첨단화를 위해 개인들이 지불하고자 하는 최대지불의사액에 대해 조사하였다. 분석 모형은 생존모형을 구축하였고, 자율주행차에 대한 우려와 편의에 대한 의식을 잠재변수로 모형에 반영하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 도로첨단화에 대한 지불의사가 있는 응답자들은 약 44.8%였으며, 고속도로에 대한 첨단화 필요성이 가장 높았다. 둘째, ‘고속도로 이용빈도’, ‘연간주행거리’, ‘자동차 구입계획 유무’, ‘월평균가구수입’, ‘거주지역’ 등이 최대지불의사액에 영향이 있었다. 또한 자율주행차에 대한 잠재변수 중 ‘자율주행차에 대한 우려’와 ‘자율주행차 편익 중 도로이용성’이 유의한 영향이 있었다. 셋째, 도로첨단화에 대한 평균 지불의사액은 약 8.038(만원/년)이었으며, 개인속성 등에 따라 평균 약 1만원 정도의 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

키워드

자율주행차

자율협력주행

잠재변수

도로첨단화

생존모형

지불의사

References

Acheampong R. A., Cugurullo F., Gueriau M., Dusparic I. (2021), Can Autonomous Vehicles Enable Sustainable Mobility in Future Cities? Insights and Policy Challenges from User Preference over Different Urban Transport Options, Cities 112, 103134. 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103134

Adnan N., Nordin S. M., Bahruddin M. A. B., Ali M. (2018), How Trust Can Drive Forward the User Acceptance to the Technology? In-vehicle Technology for Autonomous Vehicle, Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Practice 118(November), 819, 36. 10.1016/j.tra.2018.10.019

Bhin M., Son S. (2019), A Study on the Evaluation of Social Acceptability After Boarding Automated Shuttle Bus: Pangyo Xero Shuttle, J. Korean Soc. Transp., 37(5), 375-386. 10.7470/jkst.2019.37.5.375

Daziano R. A., Sarrias M., Leard B. (2017), Are Consumers Willing to Pay to Let Cars Drive for Them? Analyzing Response to Autonomous Vehicles, Transportation Research Part C 78, 150-164. 10.1016/j.trc.2017.03.003

EU (2018), Updating the Working Programme in Relation to the Actors Under Article 6

Gouda M., Chowdhury I., Weib J., Epp A., EI-Basyouny K. (2021), Automated Assessment of Infrastructure Preparedness for Autonomous Vehicles, Automation in Construction 129, 103820. 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103820

Ian J. B, Richard T. C., Brett D., Michael H., et al. (2002), Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Techniques: A Manual, Edward Elgar Publishing, UK, 174-177.

Kang K. P. (2020), C-ITS Based Smart Road, Cooperative Autonomous Driving Systems and Local Co-prosperity Strategies, Planning and Policy, 469, 27-36.

Kim Y. J. (2021), Review of Driving and Drivers Under the Road Traffic Act for the Automated Vehicles, Transportation Technology and Policy, 18(2), Korean Society of Transportation, 34-42.

KISTEP (2019), Autonomous Vehicle Technology, KISTEP Brief 2019-16, Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning.

KPMG (2015), Connected and Autonomous Vehicles-The UK Economic Opportunity, KPMG LLP, p.9.

KPMG (2019), Mobility 2030: Transforming the Mobility Landscape, KPMG International.

Lee B., Kim K. H., Park J. (2016), Advanced Infrastructure Technologies and National Territorial Development: Focusing on Autonomous Vehicles, Report 16-38, KRIHS.

Lee B., Timmermans H. J. P. (2007), A Latent Class Accelerated Hazard Model of Activity Episode Durations, Transportation Research Part B, 41, 426-447. 10.1016/j.trb.2006.06.004

Lee B., Yook D. H., Kim K. H. (2017), An Evaluation of the Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on the Use of National Territory, Report 17-15, KRIHS.

Lee C. H. (2016), Study Concerning Civil Liability About Car Accident of Self-driving car, Inha Law Review 19(4), 137-172.

Lee J., Kim J., Chung J. H. (2021), Effect of Personal Attitudes and Satisfaction with Public Transportation on Stated Preference of Automated Mobility on-demand, J. Korean Soc. Transp., 40(1), 81-98. 10.7470/jkst.2022.40.1.081

Lee S., Oh C. (2018), A Methodology to Establish Operational Strategies for Truck Platoonings on Freeway on-ramp Areas, J. Korean Soc. Transp., 36(2), 67-85. 10.7470/jkst.2018.36.2.067

Manivasakan H., Kalra R., O’Hern S., Fang Y., Xi Y., Zheng N. (2021), Infrastructure Requirement for Autonomous Vehicle Integration for Future Urban and Suburban Roads-Current Practice and a Case Study of Melbourne, Australia, Transportation Research Part A 152, 36-53. 10.1016/j.tra.2021.07.012

Rahimi A., Azimi G., Asgari H., Jin X. (2020), Adoption and Willingness to Pay for Autonomous Vehicles: Attitudes and Latent Classes, Transportation Research Part D 89, 102611. 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102611

Tamaki M., Shunsuke M. (2020), Autonomous Vehicles: Willingness to Pay and the Social Dilemma, Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg. Technol., 119. 10.1016/j.trc.2020.102748

US DOT (2020), ITS JPO Strategic Plan 2020-2025(ITS JPO), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Joint Program Office (JPO), https://www.its.dot.gov/stratplan2020/ ITSJPO_ StrategicPlan_2020-2025.pdf

Walker J., Ben-Akiva M. (2002), Generalized Random Utility Model, Mathematical Social Sciences 43, 303-343. 10.1016/S0165-4896(02)00023-9

Xiao J., Goulias K. G. (2021), How Public Interest and Concerns About Autonomous Vehicles Change over Time: A Study of Repeated Cross-sectional Travel Survey Data of the Puget Region in the Northwest United States, Transportation Research Part C 133, 103446. 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103446

Xing Y., Zhou H., Han X., Zhang M., Lu J. (2022), What Influences Vulnerable Road Users’ Perception of Autonomous Vehicles? A Comparative Analysis of the 2017 and 2019 Pittsburgh Surveys, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 176, 121454. 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121454

Yoo S., Managi S. (2021), To Fully Automate or not? Investigating Demands and Willingness to Pay for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Automation Levels, IATSS Research 45, 459-468. 10.1016/j.iatssr.2021.11.002

Yu Z., Wood J. S., Gayah V. V. (2017), Using Survival Models to Estimate Bus Travel Times and Associated Uncertainties, Transportation Research Part C, 74, 366-382. 10.1016/j.trc.2016.11.013

Information

Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
Volume : 40
No :4
Pages :555-569
Received Date : 2022-04-13
Revised Date : 2022-05-17
Accepted Date : 2022-07-04
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2022.40.4.555

Journal of Korean Society of Transportation ISSN:1229-1366(Print) 2234-4217(Online) 대한교통학회지

All Issue