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2026 Vol.44, Issue 2 Preview Page

Article

Evaluating Multimodal Transit Route Redundancy Using Demand-based Measures: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Using Smart Card Data

수요 기반 지표를 활용한 대중교통 노선 중복성 평가: 스마트카드 데이터 기반 수도권 사례 연구

Yuseung OH1
,
Hyukseong LEE2
,
Youngjun HAN3
,
Jinhee KIM4*
오 유승1
,
이 혁성2
,
한 영준3
,
김 진희4*
1Post-master Researcher, Department of Highway and Transportation Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi 10223, Korea
2Research Fellow, Mobility Research Division, Gyeonggi Research Institute, Gyeonggi 16207, Korea
3Research Fellow, Division of Urban Transportation Research, The Seoul Institute, Seoul 06756, Korea
4Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
1한국건설기술연구원 도로교통연구본부 석사후연구원
2경기연구원 모빌리티연구실 연구위원
3서울연구원 스마트교통연구실 연구위원
4연세대학교 도시공학과 부교수
*Corresponding Author
30 April 2026. pp. 144-160
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Abstract

Evaluating transit route redundancy is critical for optimizing public transportation, especially in metropolitan areas with multiple transport modes. Traditional methods primarily rely on geographical overlap and often overlook user demand and travel behavior, which limits their ability to capture functional service redundancy. This study addresses these limitations through a demand-based methodology utilizing smart card data and bus management system (BMS) data. A case study in Seoul, South Korea analyzes 348 bus lines, introducing station- and trip-based redundancy metrics to more comprehensively reflect user travel patterns. The analysis found that 34.8% of the routes exhibited insufficient demand in redundant sections. Using the importance- performance quadrant analysis (IPA), 14 bus lines with high redundancy and low demand were identified as requiring adjustment. The comparative study demonstrated that conventional methods overestimate redundancy by focusing solely on geographical overlap, while the proposed approach offers a more practical assessment by integrating passenger demand and operational characteristics. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying unnecessary redundancies, enabling policymakers to optimize resource allocation and operational efficiency. This approach is especially valuable for adjusting existing routes and planning new ones in response to changing urban mobility patterns. By addressing the shortcomings of traditional evaluations, this study offers a robust framework for improving the efficiency and sustainability of public transport networks in metropolitan areas.

Keywords
importance-performance analysis
operational efficiency
public transportation system
redundancy evaluation
smart card data

다양한 교통수단이 공존하는 대도시권에서 대중교통 노선의 중복성을 평가하는 것은 운영의 효율화 측면에서 매우 중요한 과제이다. 기존의 노선 중복성 평가는 주로 지리적 중첩에 초점을 맞춰왔으나, 이는 이용자의 실제 수요와 통행 행태를 충분히 반영하기 어렵다는 한계가 뒤따른다. 본 연구는 이러한 한계를 보완하기 위해 스마트카드 자료와 버스 운송 관리시스템 자료를 활용한 실제 수요 기반의 중복성 평가 방법론을 제안한다. 서울특별시 348개 버스 노선을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였으며, 이용자의 통행 행태를 종합적으로 반영하기 위해 정류장 기반 및 통행 기반 중복성 지표를 도입하였다. 분석 결과, 전체 노선의 34.8%에서 중복 발생 구간 내 이용 수요가 충분하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중요도-성과분석(IPA) 결과를 통해 이용 수요에 비해 발생하는 중복성이 높아 조정이 필요한 14개 노선을 도출하였다. 기존 방법론과의 비교 결과, 지리적 중첩을 기준으로 평가된 중복성은 실제 이용자의 통행 경로상 발생하는 중복에 비해 전반적으로 높게 평가되는 경향이 나타났으며, 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 이용 수요와 운행 특성을 함께 고려하여 보다 실용적인 평가를 가능하게 하였다. 이는 제안된 방법론이 상대적으로 필요성이 낮은 중복 노선을 효과적으로 식별하고, 이를 통해 한정된 자원의 배분과 운영 효율성을 확보하는 데 유용하게 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 본 접근법은 도시 교통수요 변화에 대응한 기존 노선 조정과 신규 노선 계획 수립에도 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존 중복성 평가의 한계를 보완함으로써 대도시 대중교통 네트워크의 효율성과 지속가능성 제고를 위한 실효성 있는 분석 틀을 제안한다.

키워드
중요도-성과분석
운영 효율화
대중교통
중복성 평가
스마트카드 데이터
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 44
  • No :2
  • Pages :144-160
  • Received Date : 2025-08-12
  • Revised Date : 2025-09-16
  • Accepted Date : 2026-01-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2026.44.2.144
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