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2024 Vol.42, Issue 5

Article

Design of Human-Machine Interfaces on Take-over of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Human Factors

인적요인 기반 자율차 제어권 전환 정보 컨텐츠 설계 기법 개발 연구

Jieun KO1
,
Kyeongpyo KANG2
,
Jeonghoon JEE3
,
Cheol OH4*
고 지은1
,
강 경표2
,
지 정훈3
,
오 철4*
1Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
2Senior Researcher Fellow, Center for Connected and Automated Driving Research, Korea Transport Institute, Sejong 30147, Korea
3M.S. Student, Department of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
4Professor, Department of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
1한양대학교 교통․물류공학과 박사후연구원
2한국교통연구원 모빌리티전환연구본부 자율협력주행기술연구팀 선임연구위원
3한양대학교 교통․물류공학과 석사과정
4한양대학교 교통․물류공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2024. pp. 503-517
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Abstract

When autonomous vehicles exit the operational design domain (ODD), a transition from autonomous mode to manual driving mode, known as the take-over request (TOR), is required. During this transition, the driver must be able to take control within the take-over request lead time (TORlt). However, drivers in autonomous vehicles may initiate a take-over without paying attention to the surrounding traffic situation, which would lead to higher potential of being exposed to crash risk. Thus, the provision of appropriate information content through modal systems is crucial for the driver's recognition of the control transition situation. This study developed a methodology for designing a human-machine-interface (HMI) user-interface (UI) for autonomous vehicle take-over based on human factors through Kansei engineering analysis. The quantification theory type I was adopted to conduct the Kansei engineering technique. In addition, the usecases for take-over situations were defined and the research scope was identified. Requirements and components were also established for HMI UI design. An in-depth expert interview was performed with 39 experts to identify the appropriate scope of design requirements. Total of 31 subjects with driving experience participated in questionnaire survey for the Kansei engineering analysis. The findings indicate that image presence, layout color, layout placement, and voice messages significantly impact the emotional response during take-over. The results of this study are expected to be used as useful information for both autonomous vehicle manufacturers and HMI-related industries.

Keywords
autonomous vehicles
human-factor
human-machine-interface
Kansei engineering
take-over

자율주행차량은 주행 중 운행가능영역(operational design domain, ODD)을 벗어날 경우 자율주행 모드에서 수동주행 모드로 제어권 전환 요청(take-over request, TOR)이 요구된다. 자율주행 시스템으로부터 운전자에게로 제어권이 전환되는 상황에서 운전자는 제어권 전환 요청 시간(take-over request lead time, TORlt) 내에 주행이 가능한 상태로 차량을 제어해야 한다. 그러나 자율주행차량에 탑승한 운전자는 주변의 교통상황에 대해 충분한 주의를 기울이지 않은 상태에서 제어권 전환이 진행될 수 있어 위험상황에 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 운전자가 제어권 전환 상황을 인지할 수 있도록 모달 시스템(modal system)을 활용하여 적절한 정보 컨텐츠를 제공하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 인적요인 기반의 자율주행차 제어권 전환 휴먼 머신 인터페이스(human-machine-interface, HMI) 유저 인터페이스(user-interface, UI)를 설계하는 기법을 개발하고 설계안을 제시하였다. 인적요인을 반영하기 위해 수량화 1류를 이용한 감성공학 기법을 사용하였다. 또한 보다 체계적인 연구를 위해 제어권 전환 상황에 대한 유스케이스를 정의하고 연구 범위를 설정하였다. HMI UI 설계를 위한 요구사항 및 구성요소를 정립하고 총 39명의 전문가를 대상으로 전문가 의견조사를 통해 설계 요구사항 범위를 조정하여 감성공학 기법에 반영하였다. 감성공학 분석은 총 31명의 운전 경력이 있는 피실험자를 대상으로 수행하였다. 수량화 1류 기법을 이용하여 분석을 수행한 결과, 이미지 유무, 레이아웃 색상, 레이아웃 배치, 음성안내멘트에 대해 이용자들이 제어권 전환과 관련하여 감성적인 영향을 받는 것으로 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 자율주행차 제조업체 및 HMI 관련 산업 분야에서 기초 연구자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
자율주행차
인적 요인
휴먼 머신 인터페이스
감성공학 기법
제어권 전환
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :5
  • Pages :503-517
  • Received Date : 2024-01-31
  • Revised Date : 2024-02-23
  • Accepted Date : 2024-10-20
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2024.42.5.503
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