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2022 Vol.40, Issue 6 Preview Page

Article

Optimal Fleet Size for Demand Responsive Transport Service Using Queueing Theory : Focusing on the Case of Yeongjong Island, Incheon

대기행렬이론을 이용한 수요응답형 대중교통 서비스의 최적 차량 대수 산정에 관한 연구 : 인천 영종도 사례를 중심으로

Junsu PARK1
,
Jinhee KIM2*
,
Jaehyung LEE3
박 준수1
,
김 진희2*
,
이 재형3
1Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
2Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
3Master's Degree, Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
1연세대학교 도시공학과 박사후연구원
2연세대학교 도시공학과 부교수
3연세대학교 도시공학과 석박사통합과정
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2022. pp. 816-831
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Abstract

Recently, demand response transport service is highlighted as an urban transport service to handle demand concentrated during peak hours or to meet the demand with large dispatching intervals or no routes of traditional public transportation. However, the indiscriminate introduction of service vehicles increases road congestion and service operating costs, which are chronic problems of demand responsive transport services. Therefore, this study analyzed the optimal fleet size and service level for demand response transport service using an analytic model based on queueing theory. For this purpose, data on the demand and service level of I-MOD actually operated in Yeongjongdo, Incheon were used. As a result of calculating the optimal fleet size based on the demand for successful service in order to verify the model, it was very similar to the actual number of vehicles in operation. In order to handle all the demand, 17 vehicles are needed on weekdays based on five passengers, and the waiting time for assignment and boarding was 4.4 and 8.8 minutes, respectively. Service operation policies and fleet management plans for each time period were proposed based on the analysis results. In order to reduce the total waiting time of passengers, it is necessary to adjust the assigned waiting time by maintaining an adequate number of callers. The higher the average number of passengers, the lower the optimal fleet size, but the longer total passenger travel time, so it should be adjusted according to demand and target service level. The optimal fleet size depends on demand over time, operators can reduce operation costs by the reducing the number of operation vehicles or increase service level by adjusting the average number of passengers. This study can be utilized as data to plan the optimal service design and operation policy.

Keywords
demand responsive transport
optimal fleet size
queueing theory
service level
service operation policy

최근 수요응답형 대중교통 서비스는 전통적인 대중교통 노선의 배차 간격이 크거나 아예 존재하지 않는 경우 또는 첨두시간에 집중되는 수요 처리를 보조하기 위한 도심형 교통수단으로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 무분별한 차량의 도입은 도로 위 혼잡을 증가시키며, 수요응답형 대중교통 서비스의 고질적인 문제인 서비스 운영비용을 증가시킨다. 따라서 본 연구는 대기행렬이론을 이용한 분석 모델로 수요응답형 대중교통 서비스의 최적 차량 대수를 산정하고 이에 따른 서비스 수준을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 인천 영종도에서 실제 운행된 I-MOD의 시간대별 수요량 및 서비스 수준을 기초자료로 사용하였다. 모델 검증을 위해 실제 서비스에 성공한 수요를 기준으로 최적 차량 대수를 산정한 결과 실제 운행 대수와 매우 유사하였다. 발생한 모든 수요를 처리하기 위해서는 평균 재차 인원 5명을 기준으로 평일에는 17대, 주말에는 11대의 차량이 필요하며, 배정 대기시간과 탑승 대기시간은 각각 4.4, 8.8분으로 분석되었다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 서비스 운영정책과 시간대별 차량 관리방안을 제안하였다. 승객의 총 대기시간의 감소를 위해 호출자의 풀을 적정량 유지하여 배정 대기시간을 조정하는 것이 적절하다. 평균 재차 인원의 경우 높게 설정할수록 최적 차량 대수는 적어지지만, 승객들의 총 통행시간이 증가하므로 수요량과 목표 서비스 수준에 맞게 조정할 필요가 있다. 최적 차량 대수는 수요량에 따라 변화하므로 시간대별로 운행하는 차량 대수를 조정하여 운영비용을 감소시키거나 평균 재차 인원을 조정하여 서비스 수준을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 수요응답형 대중교통 서비스의 도입에 있어서 최적 서비스 설계 및 시간대별 운영정책을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

키워드
수요응답형 대중교통
최적 차량 대수
대기행렬이론
서비스 수준
서비스 운영정책
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 40
  • No :6
  • Pages :816-831
  • Received Date : 2022-10-21
  • Revised Date : 2022-11-01
  • Accepted Date : 2022-12-13
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2022.40.6.816
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