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Article

Design and Safety Evaluation of a Variable Speed Management Strategy for Small-Vehicle-Only Underground Roads Using Speed Data Pattern Analysis

속도자료 패턴분석 기반 소형차 전용 지하도로 가변형 속도관리전략 설계 및 안전성 평가

Yuanming CUI1
,
Hoyoon LEE2
,
Cheol OH3*
,
Jungsik KIM4
최 원명1
,
이 호윤2
,
오 철3*
,
김 정식4
1M.S. Student, Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
2M.S. Student, Department of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
3Professor, Department of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
4Team Leader, Road Planning Division, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 04524, Korea
1한양대학교 스마트시티공학과 석사과정
2한양대학교 교통물류공학과 석사과정
3한양대학교 교통물류공학과 교수
4서울특별시 도로계획과 민자운영혁신팀장
*Corresponding Author
28 February 2026. pp. 22-37
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Abstract

Underground roads create distinctive driving conditions owing to their enclosed spatial configuration and pronounced luminance differences, which can impair driver perception and increase crash risk. To address these safety concerns, this study proposes a data-driven, time-of-day (TOD)-adaptive Variable Speed Limit (VSL) strategy specifically designed for underground roadways. Utilizing real-world vehicle detector data from the SeoBu Underground Road, operating speeds were calculated at hourly intervals, and K-Means clustering was employed to determine segment- and time-specific speed limits. The proposed strategy was implemented in PTV VISSIM and evaluated under both congestion and normal traffic scenarios. While average travel times exhibited a slight increase in both scenarios because of reduced speed limits. However, the magnitude of this increase was negligible relative to the overall travel times. Notably, substantial improvements in safety were observed: the standard deviation of vehicle speeds in downstream segments declined by 4.5–5.7km/h, and the corridor-wide average decreased by 1.15km/h. In the normal traffic scenario, time-varying volatility of speed was significantly reduced (p = 0.024), with the standard deviation of speed showing a marginally significant trend (p = 0.053). These results demonstrate the VSL strategy’s effectiveness in mitigating speed fluctuations and reducing the incidence of abrupt acceleration and deceleration, thereby enhancing traffic stability and safety. This study identified the limitations of traditional fixed speed enforcement mechanisms (e.g., section speeding enforcement) and the need for adaptive, context-aware speed management systems that consider temporal variations in traffic conditions.

Keywords
speed control strategy
speed volatility
TOD based variable speed limit
t-test
underground road
VISSIM simulation

지하도로는 폐쇄적 공간 구조와 내𐄁외부 조도의 차이로 인해 지상도로와는 다른 교통 환경을 형성하며 이러한 특성은 교통안전에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 특히 고속도로 장대터널과 유사한 특성을 가진 지하도로에서는 사고 발생 시 대형 인명 피해로 이어질 가능성이 크다는 점에서 안전성 확보가 중요하다. 본 연구는 지하도로 교통안전 증진을 위한 실도로 데이터 기반 가변형 속도제한 관리전략을 설계하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 그 효과를 분석하였다. 서부간선지하도로 성산방면 구간에 설치된 차량 검지기 데이터를 바탕으로 1시간 단위 85 백분위 속도를 산출한 후 K-Means 군집분석을 통해 구간별𐄁시간별 제한속도를 설정하여 속도관리전략을 설계하였다. 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어 PTV VISSIM을 활용하여 혼잡 교통상황과 일반 교통상황 두 가지 시나리오를 구성하여 속도관리전략의 효과를 분석하였다. 지하도로 교통류의 안전성 개선 효과 분석을 위해 속도 표준편차와 time-varying-volatility를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 전략 적용 후 평균 통행시간은 두 가지 시나리오에서 모두 증가하였으나, 제한속도 하향 조정에 따른 감속 운행에 기인한 것으로 실제 통행시간 대비 상대적으로 작은 증가폭으로 나타났다. 반면, 하류부 지점에서는 속도 표준편차가 약 4.5~5.7km/h 감소하였고 전체 표준편차는 1.15km/h 감소하였다. 특히, 일반 교통상황 시나리오에 대한 독립표본 t-검정 결과, 속도 time-varying-volatility는 p = 0.024로 유의수준 0.05에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 속도 표준편차는 p = 0.053으로 엄격한 유의수준에는 다소 미치지 못했으나 경향성이 관찰되었다. 이는 속도관리전략이 속도 불균형을 완화하고 급가감속 상황을 감소시켜 교통안전 향상에 기여함을 시사한다. 이러한 결과는 현재 시행 중인 단일 제한속도 체계인 구간단속의 한계를 보완하고 시간대별 교통 특성을 반영한 맞춤형 속도관리전략의 필요성과 효과성을 입증한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 속도관리전략은 기존 인프라 기반에 적용 가능성이 높아 지하도로의 실질적인 운영 효율성과 교통 안전성 제고를 위한 정책적 대안으로서의 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
속도관리전략
속도 변동성
TOD 기반 가변형 속도제한
t-검정
지하도로
VISSIM 시뮬레이션
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 44
  • No :1
  • Pages :22-37
  • Received Date : 2025-08-01
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-22
  • Accepted Date : 2025-11-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2026.44.1.022
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