All Issue

2026 Vol.44, Issue 4 Preview Page

Article

Analyzing Factors Influencing Shared E-Scooter Towing Based on Building-Adjacent Characteristics: A Case Study of Gangnam-gu, Seoul

건축물 인근 특성에 따른 전동킥보드 견인 영향 요인 분석: 서울시 강남구를 중심으로

Jungu KIM1
,
Sujae KIM2*
김 준구1
,
김 수재2*
1Master Course, Department of Urban Planning & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763
2Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Design Informatics, Sungkyul University, Gyeonggi 14097
1한양대학교 도시공학과 석사과정
2성결대학교 도시디자인정보공학과 조교수
*Corresponding Author
31 August 2026. pp. 624-640
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Dockless shared e-scooters serve as first- and last-mile solutions for public transportation, but the lack of physical constraints on return locations has led to persistent illegal parking on sidewalks and facility entrances. Seoul implemented a citizen complaint-based towing system in 2021 as a pilot program and expanded it city-wide in 2022, while deploying parking zones in population-dense areas such as subway stations. This study aims to identify the impact of surrounding spatial environments on e-scooter towing at the building level in Gangnam District, Seoul. Using towing data from 21,644 buildings between July 2024 and June 2025, we constructed variables across five categories: building characteristics, neighborhood building environment, pedestrian and road network, public transport accessibility, and PM accessibility and parking infrastructure. Considering the overdispersion and zero-inflation characteristics of the dependent variable, we applied a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression model. Results showed that in the count part, building total floor area was the most significant factor, increasing towing intensity by 70.0% per 1ha increase, and distance from subway stations increased towing intensity, suggesting the suppressive effect of parking zones concentrated near subway stations. In the logit part, the number of nearby crosswalks showed a significant negative effect on the probability of zero towing, and PM parking zones were found to suppress towing intensity in the count part, though their effect on preventing towing occurrence was not statistically significant.

Keywords
building-level analysis
complaints
e-scooter
towing
zero-inflated negative binomial regression

Dockless 방식의 전동킥보드는 대중교통의 First Mile·Last Mile 수단으로 활용되고 있으나, 반납 위치에 대한 물리적 제약이 없어 보도나 시설 출입부에 무단 방치되는 사례가 지속되고 있다. 서울시는 2021년 시민 신고 기반 견인제도를 시범 운영한 후 2022년 전면 시행하였으며, 지하철역 등 인구 밀집 구역에 주차구역을 배치하였다. 본 연구는 서울시 강남구를 대상으로 건축물 단위에서 주변 공간 환경이 전동킥보드 견인에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 2024년 7월부터 2025년 6월까지 강남구 21,644개 건축물의 견인 데이터를 활용하였으며, 건축물 특성, 인근 건축물 환경, 보행 및 도로 네트워크, 대중교통 접근성, PM 접근성 및 주차 인프라 범주의 변수를 구축하였다. 종속변수의 과산포 및 영과잉 특성을 고려하여 영과잉 음이항 회귀모형(Zero Inflated Negative Binomial)을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, Count Part에서 건축물 연면적이 1ha 증가 시 견인 발생 강도가 70.0% 증가하여 가장 큰 영향 요인으로 확인되었고, 지하철역 거리가 멀어질수록 발생 강도가 증가하여 역세권 인근 주차구역의 견인 억제 효과가 있는 경향을 확인하였다. Logit Part에서는 횡단보도 수가 견인 발생 여부에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 전동킥보드 주차구역은 견인 발생 강도 억제에 효과가 있는 경향을 보였으나 견인 발생 자체를 완전히 차단하지는 못하는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

키워드
건축물 단위 분석
민원
전동킥보드
견인
영과잉 음이항 회귀모형
References
1

Ahn D., Lee K. (2024), Analysis of Regional Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Electric Scooter Towing Concentrated Areas in Seoul, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 40(8), 171-181.

10.5659/JAIK.2024.40.8.171
2

Ahn D., Lee K., Koh E. (2021), Analysis of Factors Affecting Satisfaction With the Use Environment of Shared Electric Scooters: Focused on Seoul, Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 37(7), 3-11.

3

Bai S., Jiao J. (2020), Dockless E-Scooter Usage Patterns and Urban Built Environments: A Comparison Study of Austin, TX, and Minneapolis, MN, Travel Behaviour and Society, 20, 264-272.

10.1016/j.tbs.2020.04.005
4

Berke E. M., Koepsell T. D., Moudon A. V., Hoskins R. E., Larson E. B. (2007), Association of the Built Environment With Physical Activity and Obesity in Older Persons, American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 486-492.

10.2105/AJPH.2006.08583717267713PMC1805010
5

Caspi O., Smart M. J., Noland R. B. (2020), Spatial Associations of Dockless Shared E-Scooter Usage, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 86, 102396.

10.1016/j.trd.2020.10239632834737PMC7329686
6

Ge Y., He Z., Shang K. (2023), Influence of the Built Environment on Pedestrians' Route Choice in Leisure Walking, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(9), 384.

10.3390/ijgi12090384
7

Han G., Lee G., Kim H., Yoo S. (2025), Analysis of Locational Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Electric Scooter Parking Facilities by Towing Rate Change in Seoul, Journal of Korea Planning Association, 60(5), 155-171.

10.17208/jkpa.2025.10.60.5.155
8

Hawa L., Cui B., Sun L., El-Geneidy A. (2021), Scoot Over: Determinants of Shared Electric Scooter Presence in Washington D.C., Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(2), 418-430.

10.1016/j.cstp.2021.01.003
9

Hong J., So Y., Lee K., Kim J., Lee S. (2022), Analysis of Factors Affecting Shared Electric Scooter Usage Behavior and Satisfaction: Focusing on IPA Methodology, Journal of Korea Planning Association, 57(2), 92-107.

10.17208/jkpa.2022.04.57.2.92
10

Huo J., Yang H., Li C., Zheng R., Yang L., Wen Y. (2021), Influence of the Built Environment on E-Scooter Sharing Ridership: A Tale of Five Cities, Journal of Transport Geography, 93, 103084.

10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103084
11

Johnsson C., Camporeale R., Zhao C. (2025), E-Scooter Parking Behavior Before and After Regulatory Changes in Sweden: A Hotspot Analysis, Transportation Research Procedia, 86, 9-16.

10.1016/j.trpro.2025.04.002
12

Kegalle H., Hettiachchi D., Chan J., Salim F., Sanderson M. (2023), Are Footpaths Encroached by Shared E-Scooters? Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Micro-Mobility Services, 2023 24th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM), 255-264.

10.1109/MDM58254.2023.00049
13

Kim S., Kwak M., Choo S., Kim S. (2021a), A Study on the Spatial Correlation of Shared E-Scooter Usage, The 84th Conference of KST, Korean Society of Transportation, 251-252.

14

Kim S., Lee K., Choo S., Kim S. (2021b), A Study on the Usage Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Shared Electric Scooters, Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 20(1), 40-53.

10.12815/kits.2021.20.1.40
15

Klein N., Brown A., Thigpen C. (2023), Clutter and Compliance: Scooter Parking Interventions and Perceptions, Active Travel Studies, 3(1).

10.16997/ats.1196
16

Kweon J., Lee S. (2024), Analysis of Influencing Factors of Unauthorized Electric Kickboard Parking by Type in Seoul, Korea, Journal of Korea Planning Association, 59(2), 104-120.

10.17208/jkpa.2024.04.59.2.104
17

Lee S., Jo H., Park S. (2023), Seoul Electric Scooter Policy Improvement Directions, The 88th Conference of KST, Korean Society of Transportation, 192-196.

18

Lee S., Jo H., Park S., Lee W. (2022), Analysis of Seoul City's Electric Scooter Towing Status and Characteristics, The 87th Conference of KST, Korean Society of Transportation, 456-460.

19

Li A., Gao K., Zhao P., Axhausen K. W. (2024), Integrating Shared E-Scooters as the Feeder to Public Transit: A Comparative Analysis of 124 European Cities, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 160, 104496.

10.1016/j.trc.2024.104496
20

McKenzie G. (2019), Spatiotemporal Comparative Analysis of Scooter-Share and Bike-Share Usage Patterns in Washington, D.C., Journal of Transport Geography, 78, 19-28.

10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.05.007
21

McKenzie G. (2020), Urban Mobility in the Sharing Economy: A Spatiotemporal Comparison of Shared Mobility Services, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 79, 101418.

10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101418
22

Song T., Kim G., Lee C. (2023), Development of Shared Electric Scooter Trip Generation Model by Service Area Level, Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 21(1), 124-140.

23

Tyndall J. (2022), Complementarity of Dockless Micromobility and Rail Transit, Journal of Transport Geography, 103, 103411.

10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103411
24

Yang Y., Wee J., Shin H. C. (2025), Analysis of the Effects of Designating Parking Areas for Shared Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs), J. Korean Soc. Transp., 43(1), Korean Society of Transportation, 63-76.

10.7470/jkst.2025.43.1.063
25

Zou Z., Younes H., Erdoğan S., Wu J. (2020), Exploratory Analysis of Real-Time E-Scooter Trip Data in Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Record, 2674(8), 285-299.

10.1177/0361198120919760
Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 44
  • No :4
  • Pages :624-640
  • Received Date : 2026-03-09
  • Revised Date : 2026-04-02
  • Accepted Date : 2026-06-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2026.44.4.624
Journal Informaiton Journal of Korean Society of Transportation Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
Archives
: 2015 Vol.34~
  • scopus
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close