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2023 Vol.41, Issue 7

Article

Analysis on Changes in Travel Patterns and Travel Purpose of Smartcard Users Pre and Post COVID-19 Outbreak

COVID-19 발생 전후 스마트카드 이용자의 통행패턴 및 통행목적 변화 분석

Eunjung KIM1
,
Jin Hong MIN2
,
Dong-Kyu KIM3
,
Sedong MOON4*
김 은정1
,
민 진홍2
,
김 동규3
,
문 세동4*
1Ph. D. Course, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
2Ph. D., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
3Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, KoreaAdjunct Professor, Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
4Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
1서울대학교 건설환경공학부 박사과정
2서울대학교 건설환경공학부 박사
3서울대학교 건설환경공학부 교수, 서울대학교 건설환경종합연구소 겸임연구원
4서울대학교 건설환경종합연구소 연수연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2023. pp. 771-788
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major changes worldwide, especially in transportation behaviors. Notably, as disinfection guidelines intensified, there was a sharp decline in the use of high-density public transit, while the usage of private vehicles and taxis increased. However, the impacts of the pandemic were not uniformly distributed across societal demographics, with variations influenced by socio-economic factors. Despite these disparities, there exists few research addressing the altered and restricted travel patterns faced by transportation-vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and children, during the pandemic. To bridge this research gap, this study aims to examine the changes in travel patterns and purposes of public transit users in the wake of COVID-19, segmented by age groups. Using smartcard data from 2017 and 2021 in Seoul, Korea, the study analyzed travel patterns pre- and post-pandemic and employed the k-means clustering algorithm to categorize users based on travel characteristics. Additionally, Household Travel Survey data was utilized to infer the travel purposes of each cluster, and a detailed analysis was conducted on the variations in travel patterns by user age. The findings revealed that the shifts in public transportation travel patterns due to COVID-19 exhibited significant disparities based on age and travel purpose, with the elderly users' travel patterns being particularly pronounced. This research can be used to offer policy insights for understanding the travel pattern shifts of transportation-vulnerable groups during crises like COVID-19 and provide a foundational basis for the effective enhancement of public transportation systems, disaster response strategies, and policy formulation.

Keywords
big data
k-means clustering
transportation vulnerable group
travel pattern analysis
travel purpose imputation

코로나19 팬데믹은 전 세계적인 경제 및 사회적 변화를 유발하였으며, 이러한 변화는 교통 분야에도 막대한 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 방역 지침이 강화됨에 따라 밀집도가 높은 대중교통 이용률은 급격하게 감소한 반면, 자가용 및 택시와 같은 타 교통수단의 이용이 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 코로나19의 영향은 모든 사회 구성원에게 균일하게 작용하지 않았다는 점이 주목되지만, 노인이나 어린이와 같은 교통 취약 계층의 코로나19에 따른 통행패턴의 변화 및 제약에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에, 본 연구는 코로나19의 영향으로 인한 대중교통 이용자들의 통행패턴 및 목적의 변화를 연령대별로 세분화하여 분석하였다. 2017년과 2021년의 스마트카드 데이터를 기반으로 코로나19 발생 전후의 통행패턴의 차이를 비교하였고, k-means 군집화 알고리즘을 활용하여 통행 특징에 따른 이용자 군집화를 수행하였다. 또한, 가구통행실태조사 데이터를 통해 각 군집의 통행목적을 추정하였으며, 이용자 연령대에 따른 통행패턴 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 코로나19로 인한 대중교통 통행패턴의 변화는 연령대 및 통행목적에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 특히 노인 이용자의 통행패턴 변화가 두드러졌다. 본 연구는 코로나19와 같은 재난 상황에서 교통 취약 계층의 통행패턴 변화에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 교통 취약 계층에 특성화된 정책적 지원 및 제반시설 공급 전략 등의 기반 마련과 관련된 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.

키워드
빅 데이터
k-means 군집화
교통취약집단
통행패턴 분석
통행목적 추정
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 41
  • No :7
  • Pages :771-788
  • Received Date : 2023-10-15
  • Revised Date : 2023-11-05
  • Accepted Date : 2023-12-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2023.41.7.771
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