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Article

Evaluation of Transfer Efficiency Considering Intermodal Connectivity: Focusing on Urban Metro Transfer Stations in Seoul

대중교통 수단 간 연계 환승을 고려한 도시철도 역사 환승 효율성 평가: 서울시 내 환승역을 중심으로

Eun-Seo HAN1
,
Ho-Chul PARK2*
한 은서1
,
박 호철2*
1Researcher, Smart Transportation Research Division, The Seoul Institute, Seoul 06756, Korea
2Associate Professor, Department of Transportation Engineering, Myongji University, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
1서울연구원 스마트교통연구실 연구원
2명지대학교 교통공학과 부교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 677-697
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Abstract

As public transportation use grows in the Seoul metropolitan area, the transfer system has become more complex, increasing time, costs, and user discomfort due to inefficient routes and poor facility connectivity. In response, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency of subway transfer stations in the Seoul metropolitan area, considering intermodal connectivity, and propose improvement measures. Using smart card data, we derived transfer flows and average transfer times, and constructed a dataset of 105 transfer stations, including key variables representing the characteristics of each station. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed to analyze the efficiency of transfer stations and revealed that some were efficient, but most showed inefficiencies. Key factors negatively affecting efficiency include station depth, escalator count, bus routes, and congestion. Additionally, stations were grouped through k-means++ clustering, and the characteristics and efficiency levels of each group were identified. Based on the characteristics of each group, the structural differences in efficiency were analyzed, and differentiated improvement directions were proposed. Through this, it was confirmed that improving the transfer environment is not merely a matter of resource allocation but requires an approach that considers user behavior. The results are expected to serve as an important basis for improving the efficiency of transit station operations and designing public transportation policies.

Keywords
data envelopment analysis
efficiency
inter-modal transfer
smart card data
travel behavior

수도권 대중교통 이용객이 꾸준히 증가하면서 환승 시스템이 점차 복잡해지고, 불필요한 시간과 비용 소모와 환승 과정에서의 불편이 심화되고 있다. 특히 복잡한 환승 동선과 부족한 시설 연계성은 효율성을 저해하는 주요 요인으로 작용하며, 대중교통 수단 간 연계 환승이 원활하지 않아 이용자 부담이 가중되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수단 간 연계 환승을 고려하여 수도권 지하철 환승역의 효율성을 평가하고 개선 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 효율성은 환승역의 여러 인프라 요소가 수단 간 연계 환승 과정에서 얼마나 효과적으로 활용되는지를 평가하는 지표로 정의하였다. 스마트카드 데이터를 활용해 환승 통행량과 평균 환승시간을 도출하고 역의 특성을 보일 수 있는 주요 변수를 포함한 105개 환승역의 데이터셋을 구축하였다. 자료포락분석을 활용해 환승역의 효율성을 분석한 결과, 일부 환승역은 자원 투입 대비 높은 효율성을 보였으나, 다수의 환승역에서 비효율성이 확인되었다. 효율성에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 도출한 결과, 역의 심도, 에스컬레이터 수, 평균 버스 노선 수, 혼잡도가 효율성을 저해하는 변수로 나타났다. 추가적으로 k-means++군집화를 통해 환승역을 그룹화하고, 그룹별 특성과 효율성 수준을 파악하였다. 각 그룹의 특성에 기반하여 효율성의 구조적 차이를 분석하고, 차별화된 개선 방향을 제시하였으며, 이를 통해 환승 환경 개선이 단순한 자원 배치 문제가 아닌 이용자 행태를 고려한 접근이 필요함을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 환승역 운영 효율성 향상과 대중교통 정책 설계에 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

키워드
자료포락분석
효율성
수단 간 연계 환승
스마트카드 데이터
통행행태
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 43
  • No :5
  • Pages :677-697
  • Received Date : 2025-04-11
  • Revised Date : 2025-05-07
  • Accepted Date : 2025-08-25
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2025.43.5.677
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