Classification of Urban Rail Transfer Stations by Analysis of Traver Behavior and Multidimensional Local Characteristics

Taejun Kim; Yunho Ju; Junghwa Kim

doi:10.7470/jkst.2025.43.5.649

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2025 Vol.43, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Article

Classification of Urban Rail Transfer Stations by Analysis of Traver Behavior and Multidimensional Local Characteristics 통행행태와 다차원 지역 특성 분석을 통한 도시철도 환승역 유형화 연구

31 October 2025. pp. 649-666

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Abstract

This study aims to classify 67 urban rail transfer stations in Seoul by comprehensively analyzing user travel behavior and multidimensional local characteristics surrounding each station. Utilizing smart card data, key indicators such as number of getting on/off passenger, time-based getting on/off ratios, transfer volumes, and wide area trip volumes were derived to represent travel behavior. Simultaneously, variables for clustering were constructed by integrating multidimensional spatial characteristics of areas around the stations, including public distance accessibility, population and employment density, and land use diversity. PCA was conducted to extract major components from the variables, followed by the application of a hybrid clustering method combining hierarchical and K-means clustering to classify the transfer stations into five distinct types. Based on the characteristics of user travel behavior and local features within each cluster, the resulting station types were defined as: Mixed Type, Business Type, Suburban Transfer Hub Type, Residential Type, and Central Hub Type. Statistically significant differences among clusters were confirmed through ANOVA and interpretation of principal components to validate the classification. Furthermore, this study proposes practical applications of the identified types in areas such as congestion and demand management, transfer facility improvement, and Transit-Oriented Development strategies. The results are expected to serve as foundational data for the integrated management and operation of urban rail transfer stations and for policy formulation.

Keywords

hybrid clustering

local characteristics

trasfer station

travel behavior

typology classification

urban rail

본 연구는 서울특별시 도시철도 환승역 67개소를 대상으로 이용자 통행행태와 철도역 인근 다차원 지역 특성을 종합적으로 분석하여 환승역 유형 분류를 수행하고, 도출된 유형을 바탕으로 정책적인 활용 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저, 교통카드 데이터를 기반으로 승하차인원, 시간대별 승·하차 비율, 환승통행량, 광역통행량 등 이용자 통행행태를 도출하고, 대중교통 접근성, 인구 및 종사자수 밀도, 토지이용 다양성 등 철도역 인근 지역의 다차원 공간적 특성을 통합하여 유형 분석을 위한 변수를 구축하였다. 이후 PCA을 통해 변수들의 주요 요인을 도출하고, 계층적 클러스터링과 K-means 클러스터링을 결합한 혼합 클러스터링 기법을 적용하여 다섯가지 유형으로 분류했다. 도출된 유형을 실제 군집에 포함된 역사들의 이용자 통행행태와 지역 특성 데이터 성격에 따라 혼합형, 업무형, 외곽 환승허브형, 주거형, 중심지 허브형의 정의하였다. 각 유형은 통행행태, 다차원 지역 특성 지표에서 유의미한 차이를 확인하였으며, 군집 간 차이를 확인하기 위한 분산분석, 주성분을 통한 유형 해석을 통해 분류의 타당성을 확보하려고 노력했다. 아울러, 본 연구에 따라 도출된 유형을 혼잡도 및 수요 관리, 환승시설 개선, TOD 개발 전략 등에 활용하는 방안을 제시했다. 이를 통해 도시철도 환승역의 통합적 관리 및 운영 체계 구축과 정책 수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

키워드

혼합 클러스터링

지역 특성

환승역

도시철도

유형 분류

통행행태

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Information

Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
Volume : 43
No :5
Pages :649-666
Received Date : 2025-03-31
Revised Date : 2025-04-16
Accepted Date : 2025-05-09
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2025.43.5.649

Journal of Korean Society of Transportation ISSN:1229-1366(Print) 2234-4217(Online) 대한교통학회지

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